[1] United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Article 7(2)[2] Massimo Starita, The Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Baselines: A Question of Interpretation of the UNCLOS or Evolution of Customary Law?, QIL, Zoom-out, No. 91 (2022), p. 6.[3] FACCIO S. “Human Habitation or Economic Life of Their Own”: The Definition of Features Between History, Technology and the Law[J]. Liverpool Law Review, 2021, 42(1): 15–33. DOI: 10.1007/s10991-020-09260-1.[4] Symmons C R. Maritime Zones from Islands and Rocks[C]. Singapore: CIL Roundtable, 2013: 27–29.[5] 图1　1993—2025年全球平均海平面变化（去季节信号）数据来源：University of Colorado Sea Level Research Group, 2025 Release 1[6] 图2　南海海平面长期上升趋势（1993—2025，mm/年）数据来源：University of Colorado Sea Level Research Group, 2025 Release 1（trend_mm_per_year）[7] 王阳：《在稳定与公平之间：海平面上升对海洋边界的影响及其应对》，《中国海商法研究》2022年第4期，第17页.[8] Nilufer Oral, UNCLOS and Sea Level Rise, Marine Policy, 149 (2023): 105454.[9] Hugo Ignacio Llanos, Low-Tide Elevations: Reassessing Their Impact on Maritime Delimitation, Pace International Law Review, Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2002, pp. 263–265.[10] Soons A H A. Some Observations on the “Ambulatory” Nature of the Normal Baseline[J]. Portuguese Yearbook of the Law of the Sea, 2024, 1: 5–11.[11] Mara R. Wendebourg, “Interpreting the Law of the Sea in the Context of Sea-Level Rise: The Ambulatory Thesis and State Practice”, Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 35, No. 3 (2023), pp. 499–507, https://doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqad024.[12] 德国在其提交给 ILC 的官方意见中明确指出：“通过当代解释，德国认为《海洋法公约》允许冻结一旦依法确立、公布并存档的基线及海域界限。”德国：《海平面上升与国际法问题——致国际法委员会的意见书》（Sea-level rise in relation to international law: Germany’s Submission to the ILC），第3页 .[13] 太平洋岛国论坛（PIF）领导人宣言 ——《海平面上升与海洋区不削减宣言》在该地区集体声明中，PIF 成员国领导人强调：在气候相关的海平面上升情形下，已确定并通报的海洋区划不应被削减。宣言中明确表述“我们意图维持我们的海域不因海平面上升而减少”并强调稳定性、法律确定性的重要性。 虽然这是一个地区组织的宣言，而非单一国家的正式外交声明，但它具有较强的官方性质，代表多个岛国的共同立场。太平洋岛国论坛秘书处：《关于气候变化导致海平面上升下维护海洋区的宣言》（Declaration on Preserving Maritime Zones in the Face of Climate Change-Related Sea-Level Rise），2021年8月6日，苏瓦：太平洋岛国论坛秘书处。[14] 《联合国海洋法公约》（United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982），第60条第8款；United Nations, United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 1833, p. 397.[15] Nilüfer Oral, “International Law as an Adaptation Measure to Sea-Level Rise and Its Impacts on Islands and Offshore Features,” The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, Vol. 34, No. 3, 2019, pp. 430–435.[16] 本表根据各国官方文件、国际组织声明与条约资料整理，主要来源包括：Australia–Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty (2023)、PIF Declaration on Preserving Maritime Zones (2021)、Germany Submission to the ILC on Sea-Level Rise in Relation to International Law (2023)、UK Written Statement HCWS171 (2024) 等。[17] India, Statement (Cluster II) to the International Law Commission on sea-level rise ( 未经明确支持冻结基线，表达参与讨论意向 )[18] International Law Commission, Final Report of the Study Group on Sea-level Rise in Relation to International Law (2025), 关于各国在第六委员会与 ILC 讨论中的表态与争论（国家普遍表达意见但未达共识）[19] 《牛津国际公法百科全书》（Oxford Public International Law）载 Alex G Oude Elferink, “Artificial Islands, Installations and Structures”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2024 年 7 月更新 )，指出人工岛屿不享有岛屿法律地位，也不得影响领海、专属经济区或大陆架的划界（Arts 60 (8)、259 UNCLOS）[20] 张文显主编，《南海仲裁案法律评析及后续应对笔谈》，《中国法学》2017年第6期。[21] 马博.南海仲裁案对“岛礁建设”的裁决评析及后续法律问题研究[J].边界与海洋研究,2017,2(04):54-67.[22] 陈曦笛 . 海平面上升对海上地物国际法地位的影响：规则演进与中国因应[J].交大法学,2022,(03):117-132.[23] 刘琳.中国与东盟国家南海危机管控探析[J].国际问题研究,2025,(01):47-71+139.[24] 王秀卫.区域海洋环境合作对南海低敏感领域合作的借鉴与启示[J].中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版),2019,(01):38-43.[25] 高之国 . 南海地区安全合作机制的回顾与展望——兼议设立南海合作理事会的问题[J].边界与海洋研究,2016,1(02):5-10+2.[26] Regí Rodríguez, Artificial Islands in the South China Sea: Territorial Disputes in the Area (Springer, 2023) 113–114.[27] Vivien Wendebourg, Interpreting the Law of the Sea in the Context of Sea-Level Rise: The Ambulatory Thesis and State Practice (2023) Ocean Development & International Law 503–504.[28] Clive Schofield and David Freestone, The Legal Regime of Islands after the South China Sea Award—Orphaned or Influential? (2024) Ocean Development & International Law 568–578.