放逐的理性：汤川秀树研究中的“大科学”体制与伦理困境再探讨

HASS

Humanities Arts and Social Sciences

3066-83013066-831X

Art and Technology

10.61369/HASS.2026060021

Article

放逐的理性：汤川秀树研究中的“大科学”体制与伦理困境再探讨https://artdesignp.com/journal/HASS/2/6/10.61369/HASS.2026060021黄之骏

2026

2026-06-20

 围绕汤川秀树战时参与核研究与战后介入原子能政策的历史张力，本文以战时日记、实验室记录及战后核能政策档案为基础，考察其在“大科学”体制形成过程中的角色变化。文章指出，既有研究中“和平科学家”或“政治受害者”的单一叙事，难以充分解释汤川在国家动员、科学制度与伦理判断之间的复杂位置。通过分析其从海军“F号计划”到战后原子能政策讨论的行动轨迹，本文认为，汤川的困境并非个人道德立场的摇摆，而是科学理性在军事目标、发展主义政策与技术官僚结构中被重新配置的结果。汤川个案由此揭示了现代科技治理中科学家伦理能动性受制度结构限制的历史机制。汤川秀树,大科学体制,科学家伦理,科学与政治

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