ERAEngineering Research and Application2995-31542993-2742Art and Technology10.61369/ERA.2026080028Article基于TMM 与混合整数遗传算法的PDMS 辐射冷却多层膜仿真设计与参数优化https://artdesignp.com/journal/ERA/4/8/10.61369/ERA.2026080028苑孟理想,赵娜娜,吴嘉润,刘文娜,郭紫晗,刘新红2026482026-08-20全球能源消耗持续攀升，热环境问题日益突出，发展高效被动制冷技术具有重要意义。本文以PDMS 基辐射冷却材料为切入点，采集了材料光学常数、太阳光谱和大气透射率等数据，运用三次样条插值与传输矩阵法（TMM）计算了不同厚度薄膜的光谱发射率。结果表明，在8-13μm 大气窗口内，PDMS 发射率随厚度增加而升高，100μm 后趋于饱和，平均发射率0.936。在此基础上，建立辐射- 对流耦合的净制冷功率模型，并采用牛顿迭代法求解平衡温度，定量揭示了厚度对制冷性能的边际效应。针对多层膜结构的优化问题（材料离散、厚度连续），建立了混合整数遗传算法与TMM 相结合的MIGA‑TMM 模型，以净制冷功率为适应度进行全局寻优，得到PDMS/SiO₂/TiO₂/Ag 七层最优结构，净制冷功率57.09 W/m²，敏感性分析表明，对流换热系数波动±50% 时净制冷功率变化约10%，环境温度变化±5K 时平衡温度变化约22%，模型整体鲁棒性良好。辐射冷却,PDMS,传输矩阵法,牛顿迭代法,混合整数遗传算法

[1] 万中伊欣, 刘东青, 余金山. 日间辐射制冷材料研究进展[J]. 材料导报, 2022, 36(3): 27-33.[2]Liu R, Wang S, Zhou Z, et al. Materials in radiative cooling technologies[J]. Advanced Materials, 2025, 37(12): 2401577.[3]Raman A, Anoma M A, Zhu L, et al. Passive radiative cooling below ambient air temperature under direct sunlight[J]. Nature, 2014, 515(7528): 540-544.[4]Zhao X，Zhai Y, Ma Y, David S N, et al. Scalable-manufactured randomized glass-polymer hybrid metamaterial for daytime radiative cooling[J]. Science, 2017, 355(6329):1062-1066.[5] 蔡清元, 蒋林，等. 光学薄膜与系统的偏振控制[J]. 光学技术, 2018, 44(3): 23-29.[6]Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, et al. Transmission comb of a distributed Bragg reflector with two surface dielectric gratings[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 21125.[7]Pourmasoud S, Moretti L. Designing of broadband solar omnidirectional reflector with a chirped multilayer using an optimization procedure based on a genetic algorithm[J].Optical Materials, 2024, 157: 116415.[8] 刘润政, 韩宗晟, 黄晓卫, 等. PLA/SiO₂/TiO₂ 双层复合膜辐射制冷性能研究[J]. 纺织高校基础科学学报, 2025, 38(5): 9-16.[9]Realization of an efficient radiative cooling emitter with double layer inorganic SiO₂ and TiO₂ metamaterial[J]. Results in Physics, 2023, 45: 106121.[10]Perrakis G, Tasolamprou A C, Kakavelakis G, et al. Infrared-reflective ultrathin-metal-film-based transparent electrode with ultralow optical loss for high efficiency in solar cells[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1): 548.