ASDSApplied Statistics and Data Science3066-84333066-8441Art and Technology10.61369/ASDS.2026080010Article考虑分时拥堵与返回时限的多车辆同时取送路径优化研究https://artdesignp.com/journal/ASDS/2/8/10.61369/ASDS.2026080010李美娇2026282026-08-20针对城市快递末端配送中投递与取货并行、道路通行时间随时段变化且车辆需按时回场的作业特征，构建考虑分时拥堵与返回时限的多车辆同时取送路径优化模型。模型以车辆固定成本和分时路网距离成本之和最小为目标，约束客户唯一服务、车辆容量、路径连续、分时时间传播和最大作业时长。为求解该问题，设计插入式构造启发式与改进模拟退火相结合的算法，并通过禁忌记忆和容量辅助候选搜索提升解的多样性。基于真实服务网点得到高德时间— 距离矩阵，经Solomon 数据集仿真客户需求量，构造TD-SPDP-50算例。结果显示，动态拥堵方案总成本为1275.99元，使用7辆车，最晚返回16:57:47；静态平均速度方案动态复算后最晚返回17:09:26，未满足返回时限。研究表明，分时拥堵建模能够提高路径方案的执行可靠性。同时取送,车辆路径问题,分时拥堵,返回时限,模拟退火

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