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<article xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1-mathml3.xsd" dtd-version="1.1" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">AMCMR</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Advances in Modern Chinese Medicine Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn>3068-0638</issn><eissn>3068-0646</eissn><publisher><publisher-name>Art and Technology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.61369/AMCMR.202602006</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title>Application of Special Balloons in the Maintenance of Hemodialysis Vascular Access</title><url>https://artdesignp.com/journal/AMCMR/2/2/10.61369/AMCMR.202602006</url><author>DengGuifei,XieXiaoyi,HuangChao,WangCong</author><pub-date pub-type="publication-year"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><history><date date-type="pub"><published-time>2026-05-25</published-time></date></history><abstract>Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis is a central cause of vascular access dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Its pathophysiological process begins with endothelial injury, forming a positive feedback loop of "inflammation-proliferation-oxidative damage," ultimately leading to venous neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). Current clinical monitoring for AVF stenosis relies on a stepwise strategy involving ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), while preventive and therapeutic approaches have significant limitations. Conventional treatments such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent implantation are associated with low long-term patency rates and a high risk of restenosis. Specialty balloons, as novel interventional tools, achieve mechanical modification or targeted drug delivery based on the pathological mechanisms of AVF stenosis, resulting in the dual effect of "mechanical dilation + biological regulation." Animal models provide critical support for their development, while clinical trials further validate the clinical efficacy and application value of different types of specialty balloons. Future development of specialty balloons will focus on technological optimization, the refinement of combined intervention strategies, and the standardization of translational pathways, promoting their evolution from purely mechanical dilation tools into platforms for biological regulation, thereby offering more efficient and safer solutions for the precise prevention and treatment of AVF stenosis.</abstract><keywords>Arteriovenous fistula stenosis,Pathophysiological mechanism,Venous neointimal hyperplasia</keywords></article-meta></front><body/><back><ref-list><ref id="B1" content-type="article"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><p>[1] Lok CE, Huber TS, Lee T, et al., 2020, KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Vascular Access: 2019 Update.&amp;nbsp;Am J Kidney Dis, 75(4 Suppl 2): S1-S164.
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